According to the passage, which group was most affected by the lack of empirical data on expenditures before 1920?

• A. Industrialists assessing market conditions
• B. Social reformers seeking to advocate for the poor
• C. Politicians crafting economic policy
• D. Researchers in economic theory

Answer: (B)

The assertion that social reformers seeking to advocate for the poor were the group most affected by the lack of empirical data on expenditures before 1920 is supported by the context of the passage. During this time, social reformers were focused on addressing inequities and advocating for the needs of disadvantaged populations. These individuals relied heavily on empirical data to substantiate their claims and push for informed reforms. The absence of solid, quantitative information about expenditures made it challenging for them to argue effectively for the impoverished and to lobby for necessary policy changes.

This group needed data to highlight the struggles of the poor, propose solutions, and create compelling arguments for social change. The lack of empirical evidence inhibited their ability to effectively make their case and pursue the reforms they deemed necessary for societal betterment. As a result, they were particularly disadvantaged without access to reliable expenditure data compared to others who may have been able to adapt to or work around these data gaps using other forms of information or political leverage.